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![School, colleges and Universities of Pak]() ![]() Hacked by V00doo 2eam
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, August 03 @ 15:16:46 PKT (14
reads)
shouq
writes "Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked
by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam
Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo
2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by
V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Ap0k0lyps and
D1g1talAnarch1st were here"
(comments?
| Score: 1)
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() Disease Surveillance
is a main tool for the
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, August 03 @ 15:15:55 PKT (6
reads)
Anonymous
writes "Disease Surveillance is a main tool for the
eradication of Transboundry Animal Diseases from Pakistan
Report on Participatory Disease Surveillance in District
Pakpattan and Sahiwal Transboundry Animal Diseases The
Transboundry Animal Diseases are great threat for the
livestock population as well as for the economy of the
country. The eradication of Transboundry Animal Diseases such
as Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth and PPR from Pakistan is a task
of the day for Livestock and Dairy Development Department. The
eradication of any Transboundry Animal Diseases needs timely
reporting and diseases Surveillance to control the epidemics.
The eradication program of Transboundry Animal Diseases from
Pakistan is in progress with the coordination of Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) and European commission (EC).
The task of disease Surveillance and activities according to
the OIE path way on the ground and now the Pakistan have been
declared Rinderpest Disease free country provisionally since
January 2003. For the complete eradication and to get
Rinderpest Disease free country status, the regular disease
surveillance activity is being carried out through
participated disease Surveillance (PDS) Teams through out
Pakistan. PDS TEAMS The PDS team (B) consists of Dr Muhammad
Rasheed in charge of the team with Dr Muhammad Ashraf and Dr
Waseem Shahzad are trained by the FAO consultant Dr Jeff
Marriner. The PDS team (B) after having the work plan from the
Livestock and Dairy Development Department Punjab started its
work in the 11 districts
(PAKPATTAN,SAHIWAL,OKARA,FAISALABAD,TOBBATAKESINGH,JHANG,BHAKKAR,MIANWALEE,QASOOR,SHAKHOPURAand
LAHORE) of central Punjab from April 28 ,2003. In the month of
the May June, 2003 the PDS Team(B) visited District Pakpattan
and Sahiwal covering 159 villages which were randomly selected
by the data analyst of Livestock and Dairy Development
Department Punjab . PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY TOOLS In these
villages the PDS Team (B) applied the different tools of
Participatory Epidemiology such as Proportional Pilling,
Mapping of the area/village, Seasonal calendar for the on set
of different livestock disease. The exercise of Proportional
Pilling with the local formers was the actual key to detect
the different livestock diseases in that particular area
prevalence and importance wise. In these exercises which were
conducted at the public place of village after proper
announcement through Mosque loud speaker. In these meetings
3156 formers participated and PDS team(B) delivered different
extension messages to get more milk / meet from livestock on
proper fodder and feeding , balance ration , better management
and record keeping . The formers were also advised preventive
measures for the different prevailing livestock disease such
as Piroplasmosis , Mastitis and Worm Infestation. KEY
INFORMANTS The information regarding the Transboundry Animal
Disease was also gathered through 101 key Informants which
were identified during farmers meeting or known as Siannas.
They were also interviewed separately to know the exact
situation of livestock disease in the area. DISEASE SITUATION
STUDY The PDS Team (B) visited there 12 specific areas /
villages which became in the notice by the farmers during
meeting meetings , local veterinary staff or District
Livestock Officer concerned. These area/villages were visited
and actual disease situation with its control were reported
accordingly. LABORTORY SAMPLES While working in the villages
the farmers brought different sick animals for the treatment
or prescription. The PDS Team (B) prescribed proper treatment
for the sick animals and collected 20 samples which were
suspected for contagious diseases and dispatched to the
quarter concerned for final result. CATTLE MARKETS The
livestock movement is also a great source of transmitting the
disease bacteria or virus to one place to another. To survey
the situation of different cattle markets the PDS Team(B)
visited 3 cattle markets in district Sahiwal and Pakpattan and
observed that animals having clinical symptoms of Transboundry
Animals Diseases or not brought in these cattle markets .
FIELD VETERINARY STAFF In District Pakpattan and Sahiwal the
PDS Team (B) visited more then 10% of the whole area and
contacted 98 field veterinary personals visiting 38 filed
veterinary institution. The filed veterinary staff was
requested to report any contagious disease which came in their
notice by the farmer or veterinary Assistant, so that by
adopting the disease surveillance on regular basis, the
Transboundry Animal Diseases could be eradicated through early
warning and early control system. CONCLUSION The PDS Team (B)
applied all the tools of Participatory Epidemiology on the
farmers while visiting the villages of district Pakpattan and
Sahiwal. It is quite relieving that main Transboundry Animal
Disease Rinderpest is not prevailing in these districts since
25 year, but Foot and Mouth Disease is present in some area of
Sahiwal and Pakpattan in mild form. It is also quite
encouraging that most important contagious livestock disease
Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is now under control in district
Sahiwal and Pakpattan and livestock owners are getting prompt
livestock services from Livestock and Dairy Development
Department, resulting better income generation from livestock
sector. To know the detail of report or any activity / subject
of the report please contact: Dr Muhammad Rasheed In charge
PDS Team (B) Phone: 0441-63963 (O) 0441-50305 (R) E-Mail:
vetdr@swl.paknet.com.pk "
(comments?
| Score: 0)
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() PAKISSAN.COM ONLINE
INTERVIEW
Posted by
abdali
on Sunday, August 03 @ 15:15:02 PKT (20
reads)
Anonymous
writes "PAKISSAN.COM ONLINE INTERVIEW WITH CHAIRMAN WAPDA
PAKISTAN LT.GEN(R)ZULFIQAR ALI KHAN "WAPDA AND AGRICULTURE"
COMING SOON WHAT IS THE ROLE OF WAPDA IN THE DEVOLPMENT OF
PAKISTANI AGRICULTURE? WHAT PACKGE FOR AGRI FARMER ON
ELECTRICITY OFFER BY WAPDA ? AND U CAN ALSO ASK QUESTION
ONLINE FROM CHAIRMAN WAPDA IF U HAVE QUESTIONS SUGGESTIONS
RECOMENDATIONS FOR WAPDA FOR THE DEVOLPMENT OF PAKISTANI
AGRICULTURE SEND US BY E-MAIL khalidshouq@pakissan.com
INTERVIEWERS BY DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ EDITOR PAKISSAN.COM92
300 6620616 TANVEER SHEZAD AN INTERNATIONAL FAME BUSINESS
JOURNALIST "
(comments?
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() SEASONAL AVAILABILITY
OF MINERALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF SUPPLEMENTATION FOR
GRA
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:04:11 PKT (5
reads)
Anonymous
writes "SEASONAL AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS OF SUPPLEMENTATION FOR GRA ADVERTISEMENT
SEASONAL AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF
SUPPLEMENTATION FOR GRAZING LIVESTOCK Zafar Iqbal Khan Ph.D
Student Department of Botany, University of Agricultural
Faisalabad. Livestock in Pakistan is the backbone of
agriculture and plays a very important role in the economy of
the country. Its contribution is more than 8% to annual GDP of
the country. Livestock provides essential animal protein to
human population in the form of milk, meat, eggs, and other
dry by products. In addition, it provides motive power, hide,
skin, and considerable share in foreign exchange. Pakistan is
facing a serious shortage of meat and milk. From the meat and
milk viewpoint sheep and goats cannot be neglected. Meat of
sheep and goats is eaten more than beef. Milk of sheep and
goats is also used in many areas of Pakistan. The levels of
nutrition and mineral utilization are known to affect the
reproducing ability of both male and female sheep and goats.
Minerals are the essential nutrients bearing a significant
role in the animal nutrition, because their excess or
deficiency produces detrimental effects on the performance of
livestock. Trace elements Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Se, I, Mo, Mn, and
certain macro-elements like K, Ca, Na, Cl, P have been found
to be very essential for normal livestock growth. Mineral
imbalances in soil and forage have long been held responsible
for impaired performance among the ruminants. Infertility,
non-infectious abortions, anemia, and bone abnormalities are
some of the clinical signs suggested for mineral deficiencies
in livestock. Pakistan is a land of different soils having
different agro-climatic regions. The quality and quantity of
nutrients of forage mainly depend on irrigation. Mineral
availability, particularly trace elements, vary to a very
great extent from soil to plants and animals. Micronutrients
are depleted more from light textured and calcareous soils,
particularly when high yielding crop varieties are grown under
intensive cropping system. Limited research work conducted in
the country has indicated areas of mineral imbalance and
deficiencies in the soil, water, and feed stuffs. With the
increase in human population, the demand of milk and meat
production is increasing day by day, and to meet thee demands,
there is an immense need to improve the health status and
production capability of dairy animals. This can only be
achieved if we are abreast with the physiological norms, the
disturbance of which lowers productivity. There are numerous
problems of health, reproduction, and meat production in sheep
and goats in different regions of the world. Wasting diseases,
loss of hair, depigmented hair, skin disorders, non-
infectious abortion, diarrhoea, anaemia, loss of appetite,
bone abnormalities, tetany, low fertility, retained placenta,
still birth, mastitis sudden death pica and immune suppression
are clinical signs often suggestive of mineral deficiencies
through out the world. Despite these problems, very little
information is available on blood chemistry of goats and sheep
belonging to different agro-climatic regions. There are
various factors, which play important role in their rate of
reproduction, and minerals one of them. Mineral elements are
dietary essentials for all animals and influence the
efficiency of livestock production. Infect approximately 5% of
the body weight of an animal consists of minerals. Minerals
are required for the proper functioning of animal body and to
prevent the diseases in the animals caused by their
deficiency. Minerals in addition to vitamins are involved in
tissue defense mechanisms against free radical damage to
biological systems, several metalloenzymes which includes
glutathione peroxidase (Se), catalase (Fe), and superoxide
dismutase (Cu, Zn and Mn) are also critical in protecting the
internal constituents from oxidative damage. A major problem
in formulating precise nutritional requirements for minerals
in the small holder growing areas in the lack of appropriate
in farmers knowledge. Farmers in most of the developing
countries have a high quest for information on how they can
improve the productivity of their animals for cash benefits
and provision of draft power. Our ability to monitor trace
minerals in livestock has greatly increased with the
development of very sensitive analytical procedures. Trace
mineral imbalances exert a significant effect on the health
and productivity throughout the tropical countries. This is
particularly true in the small holder grazing areas where
there is no supplementation. For example, after P, the
deficiency of Cu is the more limiting mineral to grazing
livestock in trophies, and low Cu level due to Mo toxicity has
been recorded as a suspected deficient element in some areas.
Generally, livestock severs first to meet dietary and farm
work requirements, and second as a source of income. The
limited feed resources indicate that increased production
cannot be achieved merely through increasing the number of the
animals, but reinforcing the need to improve the productivity
of feed quality. Goat and sheep production is the center piece
of Pakistan's meat industry, and forage is used as the primary
source of nutrients. However forage and soil mineral
imbalances are common in this region, typified by acid, sandy,
infertile soils, Majority of forages are frequently deficient
in essential minerals in relation to ruminants requirements.
Many naturally occurring deficiencies in grazing livestock can
be related to soil characteristics. Mineral nutrition
disorders range from acute mineral deficiency or toxicity
diseases, characterized by well marked clinical signs and
pathological changes, too difficult to diagnose mild and
transient conditions expressed as vague unthriftiness or
unsatisfactory growth and production. The latter assume great
importance because they occur over large areas and affect a
large number of animals. Mineral deficiency signs can be
confusing, as observed conditions can involve more than one
mineral and can be combined with the effects of protein
deficiencies various types of parasitism, toxic plants, and
infectious diseases. Poor animal growth and reproduction
problems are common even when forage supply is adequate, and
can be directly related to mineral deficiencies caused by the
low mineral deficiencies caused by the low mineral
concentration in soils and associated forages. In fact, forage
alone rarely can meet all the mineral requirements of grazing
animals. Therefore mineral supplementation is strongly
recommended. Assessment of mineral status of grazing animals
involves sampling of forage consumed by animals and soil upon
which the forage grow. A sample of greatest value from soil,
forage, and animal tissues depends upon the minerals in
question. The soil plant animal system is a complex system
which has not been investigated adequately especially in
developing countries. Information is required on
interrelationships of minerals among soil, plant, and animals.
Pastoral industry in Pakistan has to thrive on native pasture,
which is belived to be low in nutritive value. This nutritive
levels result in slow growth rate, maturity, and reproductive
problems, low meat and milk production, and general weakness
with a predisposition for the occurrence of bacteriological,
viral and parasitic diseases and mortality from bacterial
infection. Fluctuation of nutrient contents of the pasture
results in the familiar pattern of growth rate of animals on
native grasses, i.e. rapid growth in the rainy seasons, then
followed by a loss of body weight in the dry seasons. Diet is
a useful diagnostic tool in predicting adequacy tool in
predicting adequacy of different minerals. Selective grazing
adventitious ingestion of soil, and variability in mineral
reserves of animals, however, limit the usefulness of pasture
nutritive value in detecting, nutrient status of grazing
animals. Selectivity of grazer may vary with animal species,
availability of plant, stage of maturity, intensity of grazing
and weather conditions. A multitude of factors influence
influence the productivity of goat and sheep herd; however,
the overshelming factor is undoubtedly inadequate nutrition,
especially during the dry season. Areas which seen to have the
most potential for increased goat and sheep production are
subject to extensive dry periods. Animals in these areas
depend mostly entirely on pasture production. Inadequate
nutritional levels which interfere with animal production
occur in many parts of the world. In Pakistan livestock
production in general in limited by nutrient deficiencies
including inadequate mineral levels and toxicities. Grazing
animals depend almost entirely on forage for their mineral
supply. To overcome the present situation, a study was
conducted in southern Punjab, Pakistan in two different zones
having goats and sheep grazing the natural pasture. This has
helped to locate the areas and extent of these mineral
imbalances and to have the knowledge for the provision of
essential mineral fortification for particular class of
animals species and for the correct season of the year to
complement the available minerals to grazing livestock. On the
basis of the information from this study it would therefore be
recommended for supplementation with mixture of different
minerals found deficient in grazing animals. Farmers are
advised to adopt the following recommendations based on recent
study on mineral status of grazing animals in different.
Seasons of the year to maximize their animal's potential and
for cash benefits and provision of the draft power. This will
possibly be helpful to improve be helpful to improve the
nutritional constraints limiting animal productivity and
health conditions. Recommendations and future prospects The
methods available for the prevention and correctionof mineral
deficiencies and excesses fall in two categories: Indirect
method of modifying mineral intakes by animals through the use
of fertilizers and soil amendments that affect the mineral
composition of pastures and feeds where they are growing.
Plants react to inadequate supplies of available minerals in
the soil by limiting their growth or reducing the
concentration of deficient elements in their tissues or, more
commonly, by both together. Conversely, plants respond to soil
applications of deficient mineral by marking more growth, by
increasing the tissue concentration of element, or by both
concurrently. The principles means of modifying the mineral
composition of feed and forages are: (1) the application of
fertilizers and (2) the use of soil amendments, such as lime
and sulfure, which can respectively raise or lower soils pH
and so change the availability of particular minerals to
plants rather than to total content. Application of magnesium
compounds are some times necessary to raise magnesium of
pasture to meet the intense needs of animals for this element
during early lactation. These applications usually have no
effect on pasture yield. The nature of the soil and its
treatment are thus important determinants of the value of
seeds, as well as forages, as a source of minerals to animals.
Direct method involves administration of minerals to animals
through incorporation in to the drinking water, or the
rations, and through the use of mineral salt licks, mixtures,
drenches, and injections. Both methods may be used at the same
time. 1) Mineral supplements should be used only when the
mineral requirements of animals cannot be met at adequacy and
safety by judicious, selection, and combination of available
feed alone. 2) This requires an understanding of the mineral
composition of feed and of the ways in which they can be
combined to supply the overall nutrient needs of animals for
productive processes. 3) N some circumstances mineral
supplement are necessary, even after the best use has been
made of available mineral containing feeds. This supplies
particularly with very high producing animals and where feds
of industrial origin, such as urea, which are low in minerals.
4) Mineral supplements should be used only a local conditions
dictate. In other words, nature and the amounts of mineral
supplements to by used should be based on established needs.
5) The provision of extra minerals beyond these needs is
economically wasteful, confers no additional benefit on the
animal and can be harmful. 6) Commercially mineral mixtures
often contained minerals which, although basically essential
to the animal, are already present in adequate amounts in the
pastures and feeds, the animal will consume. 7) There can be
no justification for the purchase and use of such "shortgun"
mixtures of minerals which are designed to cover a very wide
range of environments and feeding regimes and which often
contain and unnecessarily wide margin of safety as an
insurance against deficiency. 8) Every farmer and stock-raiser
should be on guard against exaggerated claims of advertising
propaganda and salesmanship and should critically examine
claims in the light of the particular mineral needs of his
stock and his conditions. 9) Contrary to popular belief, an
appetite for minerals is not a reliable measure of the
animal's needs. The voluntary consumption of mineral mixtures
of licks is determined as much by palatability as by
physiological need. In this study it was found that at pasture
site I having goats and sites II having sheep, the soil was
deficient of K+ in summer and of Co2+, Na+, and Se2+ during
both seasons. Similarly, forage was deficient in Ca2, Mg2+,
Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Se2+ during summer season while for
K+, Na+ and Co2+ during both seasons. Thus it is recommended
that. i) Soil amendment with appropriate fertilizer treatment
of soil be done. ii) Mineral intake by animals depends more on
the type of plants and level of consumption than on the parent
rock from which the soil was derived and on which plants are
grown. Thus improved varieties of forage species by grown
which accumulate maximum amounts of these minerals to fulfill
the requirements of livestock. As the herbs and legumes are
the richer sources than grasses, they be preferably be grown
in this area. iii) Stage of forage maturity may also be taken
into account which harvesting the forage for consumption or
grazing purpose as the content of different minerals are
affected by advancing maturity. iv) Pasture management
involving liming and fertilization can usually be extremely
beneficial to increase forage macro mineral concentration.
Mineral status of goats and sheep based on plasma minerals
showed deficiency of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ in lactating, non
lactating and male animals during both seasons and Cu2+ during
summer in lactating goats only. In sheep, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and
Na+ in all classes of animals were found to be deficient.
Therefore, it is recommended that deficiency of Ca2+ be
overcome by direct treatment of animals through
supplementation of these minerals in the diet. Manay of the
materials used as P supplement, supply significant amounts of
Ca2+ such as di-calcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate in
mineral mixtures. v) Several safe and practical means of
rasing the Mg2+ intakes of animals sufficient to maintain
normal plasma value and to prevent losses from lactation
tetany have been devised. vi) Foliar dusting of pasture, with
calcined magenesite (MgO) before or during tetany prone
periods is one such means. vii) An oral supplement is of value
only during seasonal occurrences of grass tetany. The
provision of special high Mg-mineral blocks or mineral salt
mixtures on pasture is more effective in raising the blood Mg
levels quickly during both seasons. viii) It is known that
subcutaneous injection of single dose of 40- ml of a 25%
solution of magnesium sulfate or intravenous injection of
similar dose of magnesium lactate restores plasma Mg2+ of an
affected animal within about 10 minutes. ix) Depending upon K+
levels in forages and feed already supplied to animals, it may
be necessary to add supplemental K+. several chemical forms of
K+, including the chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate and
orthophosphate sources, are approximately equal in value, and
K+ from forages also appears to be effectively utilized. x) As
the forages were have to found to have inadequate quantities
of Na+ to meet the requirement of grazing livestock throughout
the year, it is suggested that this inadequacy should be
overcome by the practice of providing common salt ad libitun.
The salt needs of grazing animals can easily be met with
mineral mixtures containing 20 to 35% salt and consumed at a
rate of 45-g per head daily. Farmers are advised to meet
mineral requirements of their flocks through use of
free-choice dietary minerals. xi) For the prevention of Cu2+
deficiency in lactating goats in summer season, it is advised
to provide additional Cu2+ to animal diet for the correction
of Cu2+ deficiency. It is known that supplemental Cu is best
supplied by incorporation of the element into a concentrate
mixture. However, this method is usually economically
prohibitive under grazing conditions. Cu can be added in
drinking water at the rate of 2 to 3 mg/L to prevent
deficiencies. xii) Supplying Cu2+ in the water probably has
more problems and may be less satisfactory than other methods
of supplementation. Under grazing condition Cu2+ deficiency
can be prevented by provision of Cu- containing supplements,
by dosing or drenching animals an intervals with Cu compounds,
or by injection of organic complexes of Cu2+. xiii)
Sub-cutaneous or intramuscular injection of some safe and
slowly absorbed from of Cu2+ (glycinate) constitute
satisfactory means of treating animals in Cu2+ deficiency. In
this study it was found that although sufficient amounts of
minerals were present in the feed supplement being offered to
the animals at farms for complementing the forage mineral for
the requirement of livestock, most of the minerals found
deficient in different classes of animals. It showed that all
the minerals in the feed were not effective in elevating the
plasma mineral levels in some animal during different seasons.
It is therefore suggested that supplementation studies be
conducted to determine the need and economic benefits of
mineral supplementation in the following aspects in order to
evaluate mineral supplement for ruminants, (i) requirements of
target animals for the essential nutrients; this includes the
age and breed of the animals involved, and stage of current
production or reproduction cycle and intended purpose for
which the animals are being fed, (ii) relative biological
availability of the mineral sources from which they will be
provided. Only the presence of an element in the supplement
does not indicate its 100% availability (iii) palatability of
mineral mixture (iv) availability of energy-protein supplement
(v) approximate daily intake per head of the mineral mixture
and total DM by the target animals (vi) concentration of all
the essential nutrients in the mineral mixture and forages so
that ratio and interrelationships among minerals may be
ascertained, like Ca:P, Cu:Mo:S, Ca: Al, P:Cu:Se, vitamin D:
Ca, Co: Vitamin B12. this other studies are needed to be
carried out to clarify phenomenon like interactions
digestibility and bioavailability of mineral, because when
animals receive a mineral supplement, effect of individual
minerals was confounded with others, so further investigation
to eliminate un- necessary minerals in the supplement is also
needed (vii) to develop methods to evaluate the mineral status
of grazing livestock and biological assay techniques for
minerals in both forages and mineral supplements (viii) to
improved methods of providing supplemental minerals for
livestock needed, particularly for grazing animals, with cost
benefit relationships established (ix) to formulate
free-choice mineral supplements for various soil types and
ecological regions, information on mineral supplement
consumption is required. Nutritional relationships to diseases
and parasites, environment and stress and non-nutrient factors
affecting requirement need to be investigated, when normal
mineral levels are found, they have been adequately supplied
to the animals through forages and supplemented mineral
mixture to avoid shotgun approach and the antagonistic
behavior of minerals. Based on findings of deficient or
borderline levels of minerals in forage, feed and plasma,
supplemental mineral mixture should be provided to animals at
pasture. It is recommended that supplement feed should be fed
to entire herd at pasture, all over the year in order to
supply animal's need. Association or correlation among
minerals in soil, plant and animals tissues are low or
non-existent. This is because there are many factors affecting
mineral availability from the soil, forage and even within the
animal. All the factors in soil which affect mineral uptake by
the roots of plants and the factors which affect mineral
availability in different parts of the aerial parts of a
plant, in the digestive tract of animals and even in the
tissues of the animals need to be investigated to enable
prediction of mineral status of animals to be made from
mineral content of soil and plants. It is concluded therefore
that accurate prediction of animal performance from mineral
content of soil or even from forage that the animal consumes
in indeed quite a challenging task. The observations on the
seasonal availability of minerals to grazing animals through
forage from soil lead to conclusion that supplementation with
mineral mixture of high bioavailability rather than high
mineral contents is more effective during both seasons of the
year. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and copper in
some instances were considered to be limiting factors in the
production of goats and sheep in this specified region of
Pakistan. Detailed studies are needed to determine if mineral
deficiencies or excesses are limiting grazing livestock
production. Mineral supplementation studies are needed to
evaluate cost benefit relationship of providing supplement
minerals. When there is no information available on mineral
status for specific regions, then complete (shortgun) mineral
mixtures are warranted. However, with additional information
on likely limiting minerals, more economical mixes can be
formulated. The specifically tailored mineral supplements may
produce equal production against complete commercial
supplements along with a high cost saving. This dissertation
will be stimulus and a guide to research in mineral
deficiencies and toxicities for grazing ruminants for c ash
benefit and provision of draft power. This will help in
improving the feeding of animals by livestock producers to
expand prophylactic measures to control abnormalities caused
by mineral deficiencies or toxicities. Specific minerals
should not be seen as a cure-all or scapegoat for any
particular problem without through investigation first.
Minerals are interactive ingredients in feeding program as
they are dependent on plant, animal and management factors.
Taking minerals lightly without considering all these factors
can prevent us from achieving our animal's potential for
maximum production. "
(comments?
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() PREVENTIVE MEASURES
AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN
POULTRY
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:03:29 PKT (4
reads)
Anonymous
writes "PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY
INFECTIONS IN POULTRY
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN POULTRY
PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
(Animal
Sciences Division)
Subject: PREVENTIVE MEASURES
AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
IN POULTRY
The Sub-committee of PPA, Disease Control Committee
met on 27.06.2003
and recommended the following for
effective prevention of current
respiratory problems in
poultry.
Vaccination and Preventive Schedule (Broiler)
Age/ days Vaccination Route
1 IB-H120 Eye drop
1 antimycoplasma Therapy
(one day)
3 AI-H7+H9 S/C
Injection
5 ND+IB Eye drop
10-12 IBD Intermediate Eye
drop
11-12 Antimycoplasma Therapy
(two days)
16-18
HPS S/C Injection
20 ND+IB Drinking water / Eye drop
22-23 Antimycoplasma therapy
(Two days)
23 IBD
Intermediate plus Eye drop
Other Important Measures
1. Please follow strict bio-security measures
2.
Avoid multi age flocks at the same farm
3. in between two
flocks, proper disinfection and time should be
given.
4. Proper chlorination of drinking water
5. Proper
disposal of dead birds through burial.
Note:
Some
of the immediate requirements for processing samples will be
sent by Dr. Khalid Naeem.
Dr. Hassan
Sarosh Akram
Convenor
PPA, Rawalpindi
Fax:
051-4425180
(Dr. M. Afzal)
CSO / Head, ASD)
National Disease Control Committee,
"
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| Score: 0)
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![School, colleges and Universities of Pak]() ![]() First General Body Meeting of alumni Association
(Old bodys Association), Univer
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:03:17 PKT (6
reads)
Anonymous
writes "First General Body Meeting of alumni Association
(Old bodys Association), Univer ADVERTISEMENT NOTICE! First
General Body Meeting of alumni Association (Old bodys
Association), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
will be held on 20th September 2003 in the University
Auditorium at 11:00 A.M. The agenda shall be as under: 1.
Recitation from the Holy Quran 2. Approval of Draft
constitution 3. Election of Office Bearers 4. Any other item
with the permission of the chair. All the members are
requested to kindly make it convenient to attend this very
important meeting. Please bring your own/ others completed
Registration forms of Alumni working in your areas. A copy of
Draft Constitution is attached herewith please. Dr. Muhammad
Ovais Omer General Secretary Mobile: 033-4244780 E-mail:
ovomer@h... "
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![School, colleges and Universities of Pak]() ![]() RAWALPINDI: Varsity asked to focus on arid
farming
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:03:05 PKT (9
reads)
Anonymous
writes "RAWALPINDI: Varsity asked to focus on arid farming
By Our Staff Reporter RAWALPINDI, July 9: The objectives of
the University of Arid Agriculture (UAA) will not be fulfilled
unless its education and research directly benefits common
farmers of arid region , the Punjab governor, Lt-Gen Khalid
Maqbool (retired), said. Speaking to the faculty and students
of the university during his visit on Wednesday, Lt-Gen
Maqbool said irrespective of the number of departments the
university had established, it should be ensured that the
departments related to arid zone farming and their output
benefited arid agriculture. Underlining the importance of the
university for arid farming, Governor Maqbool said its
research could serve all the four districts of the Potohar
tract, the entire arid region of the Punjab and adjoining
areas of Azad Kashmir and the NWFP by increasing the
productivity of these areas. Speaking about the state of
education in the country's universities, he cautioned that
these seats of higher learning would not be able to survive
for long and retain their identity unless they came on a par
with reputed universities of the world in research. He said
the universities should impart education of the highest
standard so that varsities of the developed world readily
accepted their graduates. He said the government was cognizant
of the importance of the universities and was fully committed
to improving their condition. Advocating the government's
desire to grant administrative and academic autonomy to the
universities, he said it was aimed at improving the quality of
higher education in the country. This, he said, would be
possible when the universities were independent to design
their curricula according to international standards and the
ground realities in the country and by making the research
purposeful. On the issue of working conditions for the faculty
of the country's universities, the governor said the
government fully realized that the salary structure of the
faculty members should be higher than other sectors, and was
taking all possible steps in that direction. He, however,
pointed out that the universities could contribute a lot in
this direction through their autonomous status and reforms. He
said he was in favour of extending best facilities like
computers and internet to the students even in their hostels
so that they could wholeheartedly continue their studies and
research. The governor on this occasion inaugurated a green
house and a modern irrigation system. "
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() Invitation For NPC
2003 National Poultry Congress 2003 by PPA
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:02:48 PKT (5
reads)
shouq
writes "Invitation For NPC 2003 National Poultry Congress
2003 by PPA (PUNJAB ZONE) Pakistan Poultry Association is
Pakistan's national poultry forum. Its establishment begins at
the grass root level of poultry farmers in small villages and
spreads through all towns and cities developing into a strong
platform of the poultry sector in Pakistan. Pakistan is a
developing country with a population of 141 million and an
agro-based economy. It has over the past years had one of the
highest population growth rates in the world and
simultaneously a progressive depletion of high protein food
resources. The Agricultural Sector constitutes 45 % of our
national economic activity and 66% of our population is
dependent upon agro-related pursuit for its livelihood. The
need for urgent development of high protein food resources is
acutely felt through out the country by all segments of
planners and population. Poultry Farming on a commercial scale
began in Pakistan in the early 1960's and has today matured to
become a vibrant and popular industry. To give impetus to the
growth of the poultry industry in Pakistan we felt the need to
give this industry some international exposure and decided to
hold the International Poultry Congress & Exhibition 2003
in the lush green and historic city of Lahore on September
12th and September 13th, 2003, under the auspices of the
Pakistan Poultry Association. This will be the first ever
event of its kind to be held in Pakistan. We expect our
collective participation and contributions on the occasion
will enable us all to come out as winners in our efforts to
satisfy the need of the populace, give a thrust to the
development of the poultry industry in Pakistan, and generate
long term and profitable opportunities for all. We thank you
for your interest and cordially invite you to participate
whole-heartedly in the proceedings. SINCERELY YOURS QAZI
MUHAMMAD AKBAR CHAIRMAN PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION (PUNJAB
ZONE) 92 51 4423560 RAZA MAHMOOD KHURSAND CHIEF ORGANIZER
NPC-2003 92 42 7553080-7553090 DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ
CONVENER PRESS AND PUBLICRELATION SUB-COMMITTEE IPCE2002 92
303 7658296 shouq@bremail.com ABDUL MARUF SIDDIQUI CONVENOR
PRESS &; PUBLIC RELATION SUB-COMMITTEE PAKISTAN POULTRY
ASSOCIATION 219-MASHRAQ CENTRE BLOCK#14 SIR SHAH MUHAMMAD
SULEMAN ROAD GULSHA-E-IQBAL KARACHI TEL.0092 21 4940362
FAX.0092 41 4940364 E-MAIL.ppasec@cyber.net.pk DR KHALID MAH
CONVENOR PRESS &; PUBLIC RELATION SUB-COMMITTEE PAKISTAN
POULTRY ASSOCIATION (PUNJA ZONE) 17-C 1ST FLOOR NEAR VENUS
CINEMACHOBURJI CENTRE MULTAN ROAD LAHORE TEL.0092 42 7419509
FAX.0092 42 7419509 E-MAIL.ppapunjab@msn.com FOR DETAILS
INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT FOLLOWIN LINK
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NPC-2003-PPA-PUNJAB-ZONE "
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() FAROOQ OPTICAL
SERVICE
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:02:35 PKT (12
reads)
ikko
writes "FAROOQ OPTICAL SERVICE *www.FOS4U.com* 10-ALLAMA
IQBAL ROAD LAHORE PH: 042-636-5048 DEALS IN CONTACTLENS OF ALL
KIND"
(comments?
| Score: 0)
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![School, colleges and Universities of Pak]() ![]() DR KHALID SHOUQ NEW G.SECRETARY WPSA PAKISTAN
BRNACH
Posted by abdali
on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:02:22 PKT (6
reads)
shouq
writes "DR KHALID SHOUQ NEW G.SECRETARY WPSA PAKISTAN
BRNACH DR M SADIQ PRESIDENT WORLD POULTRY ASSOCIATION(WPSA)
PAKISTAN BRANCH NOMINATED DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ NEW
G.SECRETARY OF WORLD POULTRY ASSOCIATION(WPSA) PAKISTAN BRANCH
W.E.F 17-7-2003.....DR KHALID SHOUQ IS RENOWEND POULTRY
JOURNALIST AS WELL AS IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POULTRY
JOURNALISM.HE IS EDITOR IN CHIEF NO-1 POULTRY WEEKLY
NEWSPAPAER THE VETERINARY NEWS AND VIEWS AND COORDINATOR
LIVESTOCK &; POULTRY INFORMATIONS NETWORK ...... DR SHOUQ
TOOKOVER CHARGE AS G.S WPSA PAKISTAN BRANCH Objectives World's
Poultry Science Association The World's Poultry Science
Association is a long established and unique organization that
strives to advance knowledge and understanding of all aspects
of poultry science and the poultry industry. Its major role is
to encourage, and help facilitate, liaison among research
scientists and educators, and between those in research and
education and those working in the many diverse sectors of the
industry. HEAD OFFICE WORLD POULTRY ASSOCIATION(WPSA) PAKISTAN
BRANCH ALLIED COMMECIAL PLAZA CHANDNI CHOWK MUREE ROAD
RAWALPINDI TEL.0092 51 111 505050 CAMP OFFICE 392-A,SAMANABAD
FAISALABAD PAKISTAN TEL AND FAX.0092 41 665392 MOBILE.92 300
6620616 62 303 6711582 E MAIL khalidshouq@pakissan.com
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WPSA-PAKBRANCH Post message:
WPSA-PAKBRANCH@yahoogroups.com Subscribe:
WPSA-PAKBRANCH-subscribe@yahoogroups.com Unsubscribe:
WPSA-PAKBRANCH-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com List owner:
WPSA-PAKBRANCH-owner@yahoogroups.com "
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| Score: 0)
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![Its a public mind]() ![]() MEETING OF POULTRY
MEDICINES/VACCINES IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURER AT JIMKHANA
LAH
Posted by abdali
on Friday, July 04 @ 00:00:00 PKT (26
reads)
Anonymous
writes "MEETING OF POULTRY MEDICINES/VACCINES IMPORTERS AND
MANUFACTURER AT JIMKHANA LAHORE ON 09-7-2003 WEDNESDAY
DEAR SIR,
A SPECILA MEETING OF POULTRY
MEDICINES/VACCINES IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURER WILL BE HELD ON
AT JIMKHANA LAHORE
ON 09-7-2003 WEDNESDAY 11.00 A.M
FOLLOWED BY LUNCH
AGENDA
TO DISCUSS THE PARTICIPATION
IN NPC-2003 NATIONAL POULTRY CONGRESS BY PAKISTAN POULTRY
ASSOCIATION (PUNJAB ZONE) ON 12-13 SEPTEMBER 2003 AT P.C
LAHORE
TO DISCUSS THE ISSUES REGARDING TO POULTRY
MEDICINES AND VACCINES
ANY OTHERS MATTER WITH THE
PERMISSION OF CHAIR
WE INVITE U TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS
MEEING
CH WAHEEDUDIN
CHAIRMAN
PVMIG
92 42
5163244-5166984 FAX.92 42 5162274
amerwd@hotmail.com
DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ
CONVENOR
PRESS AND
PUBLIC RELATIONS
NPC-2003
NATIONAL POULTRY CONGRESS
PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION (PUNJAB ZONE)
0300-6620616
khalidshouq@pakissan.com
PLEASE
CONFIRM YOUR PARTICIPATION BY E-MAIL
GUESTS IN MEETING
DR MUHAMMAD ASLAM EX-CHAIRMAN PPA
RAZA MAHMOOD
KHURSAND CHIEF ORGANIZER NPC-2003
'WTO accord to hit
exports'
By Our Correspondent
LARKANA, July 1:
The Sindh-Balochistan Rice Millers and Traders Association
(SBRMTA) has demanded that the government should defer the
implementation of the World Trade Organization agreement to
save the country's agriculture sector.
Speaking at a
press conference here on Monday, SBRMTA president Gada Hussain
Mahisar said without modernizing industries and mills
connected with agriculture, the WTO set standards of export
could not be met. He said this would have a negative impact on
export of the country.
He said some countries had
signed the WTO agreement but had sought time to upgrade their
mills and industries to meet the required standards. But, he
said, Pakistan signed the agreement without realizing the
situation.
He regretted that in line with IMF
policies, subsidy on agriculture in the country had been
stopped and purchasing agriculture produce on support prices
had been discontinued which had badly affected this sector.
Mr Mahisar called upon the government to review its
decision regarding the WTO agreement as without trained
workers and upgraded mills and industries, the country could
not meet the set standards.
He said Sindh's
agriculture had suffered a great loss due to shortage of
water.
"
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| Score: 5)
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